SnowDrift.h

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/***********************************************************************************/
/*  Copyright 2009-2015 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research    SLF-DAVOS      */
/***********************************************************************************/
/* This file is part of Alpine3D.
    Alpine3D is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
 
    Alpine3D is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
    along with Alpine3D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifndef SNOWDRIFTA3D_H
#define SNOWDRIFTA3D_H
 
#define WS0 0.5
#define TKE 0
#define SALTATION 1             // switch for saltation simulation
#define SUBLIMATION 0           // switch for drifting snow sublimation
#define FIELD3D_OUTPUT 0        // output with all three-dimensional fields (only possible for sublimation)
#define SUBLIMATION_OUTPUT 0    // debug output of drifting snow sublimation
#define T_FB 1 //switch for feedback between sublimation and air temperature
#define Q_FB 1 //switch for feedback between sublimation and humidity
#define C_FB 1 //switch for feedback between sublimation and snow concentration
#define READK 0  //define as 1 if you have K from ARPS wind fields INCLUDING turbulence
#define WRITE_DRIFT_FLUXES 0 //set to 1 in order to write snow drift fluxes
#define dt_diff 0.5   /* Small calculation step length for snow diffusion */
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <meteoio/MeteoIO.h>
#include <meteoio/plugins/ARPSIO.h>
 
typedef mio::Array2D<int> CElementArray;
typedef mio::Array1D<double> CDoubleArray;
typedef mio::Array1D<int> CIntArray;
 
#include <alpine3d/SnowpackInterface.h>
#include <alpine3d/ebalance/EnergyBalance.h>
#include <alpine3d/snowdrift/checksum.h>
 
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Weffc++"
 
class SnowpackInterface;
class EnergyBalance;
 
typedef enum DRIFT_OUTPUT_ENUM {OUT_CONC, OUT_SUBL} DRIFT_OUTPUT;
typedef enum PARAM_TYPES {CON,HUM,SUB,TEM,SUB2} param_type;
typedef enum ASPECT_TYPES {OTHER,BOTTOM} aspect_type;
 
struct WIND_FIELD {unsigned int start_step;std::string wind;};
 
class SnowDriftA3D {
        public:
                SnowDriftA3D(const mio::DEMObject& dem, const mio::Config& cfg);
 
                virtual ~SnowDriftA3D();
 
                virtual void setSnowSurfaceData(const mio::Grid2DObject& cH_in, const mio::Grid2DObject& sp_in, const mio::Grid2DObject& rg_in,
                                                const mio::Grid2DObject& N3_in, const mio::Grid2DObject& rb_in);
 
                void setSnowPack(SnowpackInterface &mysnowpack);
 
                virtual void Compute(const mio::Date& calcDate);
                bool isNewWindField(const unsigned int current_step) /*const*/;
                void setMeteo (const unsigned int& steps, const mio::Grid2DObject& new_psum, const mio::Grid2DObject& new_psum_ph,
                   const mio::Grid2DObject& new_p, mio::Grid2DObject& vw, mio::Grid2DObject& dw,
                   const mio::Grid2DObject& new_rh, const mio::Grid2DObject& new_ta,
                   const std::vector<mio::MeteoData>& vecMeteo);
 
                void GetTResults(double  outtime_v[15], double outtime_tau[15], double outtime_salt[15], double outtime_diff[15]);
 
                double getTiming() const;
 
                void Destroy();
 
                std::string getGridsRequirements() const;
 
        protected:
                void Initialize();
                void ConstructElements();
                void InitializeNodes(const mio::Grid3DObject& z_readMatr);
                void CompleteNodes();
 
                virtual void compSaltation(bool setbound);
                virtual void SnowMassChange(bool setbound, const mio::Date& calcDate);
                virtual void Suspension();
                virtual void Diffusion(double deltaT, double &diff_max, double t);
 
 
                //sublimation functions begin
                virtual void Sublimation();
                double terminalFallVelocity(const double Radius, const double Temperature, const double RH, const double altitude);
                double calcS(const double concentration, const double sublradius, const double dmdt);
                double calcSubldM(const double Radius, const double AirTemperature, const double RH,const double WindSpeed, const double altitude);
                double reynoldsNumberforFallingParticles(const double Radius, const double Windspeed, const double AirTemperature, const double RH, const double altitude);
                double ventilationVelocity(const double Radius, const double Windspeed,const double AirTemperature, const double RH, const double altitude);
                double waterVaporDensity(const double Temperature,const double VaporPressure);
                double RH_from_q(const double AirTemp, const double q, const double altitude);
                void initializeTRH();
                //sublimation functions end
 
                //---------------------------------------------------------------------
                //functions which are required for the fe numerics
                //defined in SnowDriftFENumerics.cc
                //---------------------------------------------------------------------
                //bare numerics for element computations, i.e. integrations, jacobian and auxiliary stuff
                virtual void Jacobian(double *DETERMINANTJ,double J[][3],const int element, const double *P, int k, const int ix, const int iy, const int iz);
                virtual void J0fun(double J0[3][3], const double J[3][3]);
                virtual double GQIntB(double *DETERMINANTJ,const int i, const int j);
                virtual double GQIntC(double * DETERMINANTJ, const double J0M[3][3][8], const int i, const int j, const double b[3],const double K[3][3]);
                virtual double GQIntApdx(double DETERMINANTJ[],const double J0M[3][3][8],const int i, const int j, double b[],const double deltak);
                virtual double GQIntAdxdx(double *DETERMINANTJ, double J0M[3][3][8],const int i, const int j, double *b,const double deltak);
                virtual void TTfun(double TT[3][8],const double P[]);   // P is a pointer pointing at an adress containing a double
                virtual void phi(double*PHI, double*P);
                virtual void setQuadraturePoints();
 
                //functions required for solving the linear system
                virtual void matmult(CDoubleArray& res, const CDoubleArray& x, double* sm, int* ijm);
                virtual void matmult(CDoubleArray& res, const CDoubleArray& x, const CDoubleArray& sA, const CIntArray& colA, CIntArray& rowA);
                virtual void transmult(CDoubleArray& res, const CDoubleArray& x,double* sm, int* ijm);
                virtual void SolveEquation(int timeStep, int maxTimeStep, const param_type param );
                virtual void bicgStab(CDoubleArray& result, CDoubleArray& rhs, const CDoubleArray& sA, const CIntArray& colA, CIntArray& rowA, const int nmax, const double tol, double& testres);
 
 
                //---------------------------------------------------------------------
                // finite Element functions, basically wrappers for the bare
                // numerics.  Basically two different "classes" of functions, the
                // first (assembleSystem, applyBoundaryValues, computeDepositionFlux)
                // contain loops over all or a particular subset of elements and then
                // invoke the other class of functions which wrap the numerics for
                // each element (computeDiffusionTensor, computeDriftVector,
                // computeElementParameter,
                // computeElementSystem,computeDirichletBoundaryValues,
                // addElementMatrix
                //
                // all these functions are defined in SnowDriftFEControl.cc
                //---------------------------------------------------------------------
                virtual void assembleSystem( CIntArray& colA, CIntArray& rowA, CDoubleArray& sA, CDoubleArray& sB, CDoubleArray& Psi, CDoubleArray& f, const double dt);
                virtual void applyBoundaryValues(CDoubleArray& c00, CDoubleArray& Psi);
                virtual void prepareSolve();
 
 
                //functions which are required for building the element matrices,
                virtual void computeDiffusionTensor(double K[3][3], const unsigned int ix, const unsigned int iy, const unsigned int iz);
                virtual void computeDriftVector(double b[3], const unsigned int ix, const unsigned int iy, const unsigned int iz );
                virtual void computeElementParameters(const int& element, double DETERMINANTJ[8], double J0M[3][3][8], double J0[3][3], double J[3][3], double b[3], double K[3][3], double& deltak, double& qualla, const int ix, const int iy, const int iz);
 
                virtual void computeElementSystem(int &element, int &nDofNodes, int* dofNode, double Ael[9][9], double Del[9][9], bool stationary, double DETERMINANTJ[8], double J0M[3][3][8], double b[3], double K[3][3], double &deltak, const double &dt, CDoubleArray& f, CDoubleArray& Psi);
 
                virtual void computeDirichletBoundaryValues(int element,double DETERMINANTJ[8],double J0M[3][3][8], double J0[3][3], double b[3], double K[3][3], double deltak, int spec[8], int length_spec, int length_complSpec, CDoubleArray& c00, CDoubleArray& Psi);
 
                virtual void addElementMatrix( CDoubleArray& sA, const CIntArray& colInd, const CIntArray& rowPtr,const double Bel[9][9], const int element, const int* spec,const int length_spec);
 
                virtual void computeDepositionFlux(const CDoubleArray& c, const double theta);
                virtual void computeDepositionFluxSublimation(const CDoubleArray& c, const double theta);
 
 
                //---------------------------------------------------------------------
                // Functions for initializing the finite element procedure
                // defined in SnowDriftFEInit.cc
                //---------------------------------------------------------------------
                void setBC_BottomLayer(CDoubleArray& var00,  const param_type param);
                void values_nodes_to_elements(const mio::Grid3DObject& nodesGrid, CDoubleArray& elementsArray );
                void values_elements_to_nodes(mio::Grid3DObject& nodesGrid, const CDoubleArray& elementsArray );
                void setRobinBoundaryCondition(const aspect_type aspect, const double gamma_val, const int ix, const int iy, const int iz, CDoubleArray& var00, const param_type param);
                virtual void InitializeFEData();
                virtual void prepareSparseMatrix( CIntArray& colA, CIntArray& rowA, CDoubleArray& adjA);
                virtual void initializeSystem( CIntArray& colA,CIntArray& rowA,CDoubleArray& sA,CDoubleArray& sB, CDoubleArray& rhs,CDoubleArray& f, CDoubleArray& Psi,CDoubleArray& var,CDoubleArray& var00, const param_type param);
                virtual void resetArray(CDoubleArray& sA);
                virtual void resetArray(CIntArray& sA);
                virtual void classifySubdomain();
                virtual int numberOfNonzeros();
                void iterativeSublimationCalculation(int timeStep, int maxTimeStep);
 
        protected:
                Saltation saltation_obj;
 
                //Time dependent data output after each computation step (SnowDrift::Compute)
                double  time_v[15], time_tau[15], time_salt[15], time_diff[15];
                int DOITERATION;
                double auxLayerHeight;
                double station_altitude;
 
                mio::IOManager io;
                SnowpackInterface *snowpack;
                mio::Timer timer;
 
                mio::Grid2DObject cH;
                mio::Grid2DObject sp;
                mio::Grid2DObject rg;
                mio::Grid2DObject N3;
                mio::Grid2DObject rb;
 
                //the dimensions of the rectangular domain
                unsigned int nx, ny, nz;
 
                // Variables for the finite element solution
                unsigned int nDOF; //the total number of degrees of freedom
                unsigned int nNodes; //the total number of nodes
                unsigned int nElements; //the total number of elements
                unsigned int nNZ; //the total number of nonzero elements of the system matrix
 
                //create system matrix in compressed sparse row (CSR) storage format
                CDoubleArray sA;
                CDoubleArray sB;
                CIntArray colA;
                CIntArray rowA;
 
                //auxiliary vector for incorporating inhomogeneous Dirichlet
                //boundary conditions
                CDoubleArray Psi;
 
                //vector of nodal concentrations, solution of the linear system
                CDoubleArray c; //snow concentration in suspension
                CDoubleArray q; //specific humidity
                CDoubleArray T; //potential temperature
 
                //vector which contains the right hand side of the linear system
                CDoubleArray rhs;
 
                //vector of sink/source terms
                CDoubleArray f;
 
                //vector which contains boundary and initial conditions
                CDoubleArray c00;
                CDoubleArray q00;
                CDoubleArray T00;
 
                //vector which contains boundary and initial conditions
                CDoubleArray precond;
                //mio::Grid3DObject newElements_precond;
                //LH_BC
                CDoubleArray gNeumann;
                CDoubleArray gDirichlet;
                CDoubleArray gamma;
                void zeroRow(int node);
 
                //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
                //LH_DEBUG: Algorithm test BEGIN
                CIntArray nnzA;
                CDoubleArray adjA;
                //LH_DEBUG: Algorithm test END
                //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
 
                double qualla;// paramater to vary the deltak coefficient of the SUPG approach
 
                double theta; // here you can vary the heigth above the point used in
 
                //the face,bar,corner interior arrays are used for the loops over
                //all elements and are set in classifySubdomain, see there for details
                mio::Array2D<int> nz_face;
                mio::Array2D<int> ny_face;
                mio::Array2D<int> nx_face;
 
                mio::Array2D<int> nz_bar;
                mio::Array2D<int> ny_bar;
                mio::Array2D<int> nx_bar;
 
                mio::Array2D<int> nz_interior;
                mio::Array2D<int> ny_interior;
                mio::Array2D<int> nx_interior;
 
                CIntArray n_corner;
 
                //for the quadrature points of the numerical integration scheme
                mio::Array2D<double> qPoint;
 
                //array for mapping the local node indices onto the global nodes
                //indices (actually this is the analog of the array elems of the old code)
                CElementArray nodeMap;
 
                //array for mapping the local node indices onto the global
                //degree-of-freedom (dof) indices
                CElementArray dofMap;
 
                CDoubleArray flux_x, flux_y, flux_z, flux_x_subl, flux_y_subl, flux_z_subl;
 
                bool new_wind_status;
 
                CElementArray elems;
                mio::Array2D<double> saltation, c_salt, mns_subl, mns_nosubl,dif_mns_subl;
 
                //Meteo 2D data
                mio::Grid2DObject mns, vw, rh, ta, p, psum, psum_ph/*, iswr, ea*/; // TODO ISWR activate, TODO EA activate
 
                //Meteo 1D data
                double ta_1D;
 
                mio::Date skip_date; //time step to skip because there would be no drift
 
                //3D
                mio::Grid3DObject nodes_x, nodes_y, nodes_z, nodes_sy, nodes_sx, nodes_slope, nodes_wstar;
                mio::Grid3DObject nodes_u, nodes_v, nodes_w, nodes_K;
                mio::Grid3DObject nodes_e, nodes_c;
                mio::Grid3DObject nodes_Tair,nodes_Tair_ini, nodes_q, nodes_q_ini, nodes_RH, nodes_Subl, nodes_Subl_ini, nodes_WindVel, nodes_tmp_c;
                bool STATIONARY;
 
                void buildWindFieldsTable(const std::string& wind_field_string);
                std::vector<struct WIND_FIELD> wind_fields;
                int wind_field_index;
 
                void debugOutputs(const mio::Date& calcDate, const std::string& fname, const DRIFT_OUTPUT& filetype);
                void writeOutput(const std::string& fname); //HACK: this should be done by MeteoIO
 
                //sublimation constants
                static const double kinematicViscosityAir, USTAR, molecularWeightofWater, thermalConductivityofAtm;
 
                // constants originally from Snowpack
                static const double c_red, grain_size, tau_thresh, z0;
                static const bool thresh_snow;
};
 
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
#endif